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影音烧友说:声学调试验收犹如西医明明白白的死;耳朵收货犹如中医稀里糊涂的活!
真忽悠,假声学,国标世标你晓得?主观听音怎么核?影音不测是乱扯!
关于私家影院和听音室一直以来有很多关于效果方面的主观描述及客观指标检测,特别是私家影院THX和HAA培训,更是在这方面做了一些科普工作,极大的推动了行业的发展,我们先来看一下主观方面的描述。
先看一下HAA培训认证(非国际标准),THX也基本差不多,主观描述总是不够具体,所以就只列一个。
Home Acoustics Alliance Level I SeminarSound Quality Metrics 音质标准• Clarity; dialogue, detailing, spatial cues 清晰度;对白,细节,空间信息• Focus; imaging localization, all listeners?声像定位• Envelopment; no gaps, smooth panning 包围感;没有间隙,声音转向自然• Response; target response curve 频率响应;符合目标曲线• Dynamics; power, ambient noise动态范围;功率,背景噪音• Consistency; seat-to-seat uniformity 一致性;座位间差异很小
Home Acoustics Alliance Level I Seminar
Sound Quality Metrics 音质标准
• Clarity; dialogue, detailing, spatial cues 清晰度;对白,细节,空间信息
• Focus; imaging localization, all listeners?声像定位
• Envelopment; no gaps, smooth panning 包围感;没有间隙,声音转向自然
• Response; target response curve 频率响应;符合目标曲线
• Dynamics; power, ambient noise动态范围;功率,背景噪音
• Consistency; seat-to-seat uniformity 一致性;座位间差异很小
几乎所有标准里,都首要把空间本底噪音放在第一位,所以我们也从第一项开始说起。
第一项, 空间本底噪音:
4.1.1 卧室、起居室(厅)内的允许噪声级,注意看,此标准是A计权,从前文可以得知,A计权对超低频是大幅度削减的;所以基本是只测量除超低频以上的全频段的噪声音量;一般在检测空间噪声时都是用此标准;
第二项:早期反射声:
早期反射声在比直达声晚15毫秒内,1-8KHZ的早期反射声至少衰减10DB。8.3.3.1 Early reflectionswhich reach the listening area during a time interval up to 15ms after the direct sound, should be attenuated in the range 1-8 kHz by at least 10 dB relative to thedirect sound。
第四项:低频频响:目前能找到的最新的国际标准为ISO 2969-2015,这个是电影院标准;(从标准中可以看出,影片制作也越来越变态,5HZ都做进去了)
ISO 2969-20154.测量方法使用一组四个全向和校准的麦克风来测量电声响应连接到麦克风多路复用器开关(不是混音器),其输出连接到音频1/3倍频程频段频谱分析仪。4.Methods of MeasurementMeasure the electroacoustic response with a set of four omnidirectional and calibrated microphonesconnected to a microphone multiplexer switch (not a mixer), the output of which is connected toan audio-frequency 1/3-octave band spectrum analyser.4.3现代音轨上低频效果声道的带宽从5 Hz扩展到120赫兹。 从大约25Hz到120Hz需要线性重低音扬声器响应。该120赫兹音轨切断非常陡峭,因此合适的低音扬声器需要上面几乎没有响应125赫兹。 有关低音炮调节的信息,请参阅ISO 22234:2005。许多房间在低频效应通道内具有一个或多个主要共振频率带宽。 如果没有阻尼,这可能导致每次特征性的低频“振铃”音轨包含低频信息。 大多数影院处理器至少有一个用于低音炮带通的参量均衡器。 调整后,之间的反应25 Hz和120 Hz应平坦至±3 dB。4.3 The bandwidth of the low-frequency effects channel on a modern soundtrack extends from 5 Hzto 120 Hz. A linear sub-woofer acoustic response is desirable fromapproximately 25 Hz to 120 Hz. The120 Hz soundtrack cut-off is extremely steep, so a suitable sub-woofer need have little response above125 Hz. For information on subwoofer adjustment refer to ISO 22234:2005.Many rooms have one or more dominant resonant frequencies within the low-frequency effects channelbandwidth. If not damped this can lead to a characteristic low-frequency“ringing” every time thesoundtrack contains low-frequency information. Most cinema B-chain processors have at least oneparametric equalizer for use within the sub-woofer bandpass. After adjustment, the response between25 Hz and 120 Hz shall be flat to within ±3 dB.
4.测量方法使用一组四个全向和校准的麦克风来测量电声响应连接到麦克风多路复用器开关(不是混音器),其输出连接到音频1/3倍频程频段频谱分析仪。4.Methods of MeasurementMeasure the electroacoustic response with a set of four omnidirectional and calibrated microphonesconnected to a microphone multiplexer switch (not a mixer), the output of which is connected toan audio-frequency 1/3-octave band spectrum analyser.4.3现代音轨上低频效果声道的带宽从5 Hz扩展到120赫兹。 从大约25Hz到120Hz需要线性重低音扬声器响应。该120赫兹音轨切断非常陡峭,因此合适的低音扬声器需要上面几乎没有响应125赫兹。 有关低音炮调节的信息,请参阅ISO 22234:2005。许多房间在低频效应通道内具有一个或多个主要共振频率带宽。 如果没有阻尼,这可能导致每次特征性的低频“振铃”音轨包含低频信息。 大多数影院处理器至少有一个用于低音炮带通的参量均衡器。 调整后,之间的反应25 Hz和120 Hz应平坦至±3 dB。4.3 The bandwidth of the low-frequency effects channel on a modern soundtrack extends from 5 Hzto 120 Hz. A linear sub-woofer acoustic response is desirable fromapproximately 25 Hz to 120 Hz. The120 Hz soundtrack cut-off is extremely steep, so a suitable sub-woofer need have little response above125 Hz. For information on subwoofer adjustment refer to ISO 22234:2005.Many rooms have one or more dominant resonant frequencies within the low-frequency effects channelbandwidth. If not damped this can lead to a characteristic low-frequency“ringing” every time thesoundtrack contains low-frequency information. Most cinema B-chain processors have at least oneparametric equalizer for use within the sub-woofer bandpass. After adjustment, the response between25 Hz and 120 Hz shall be flat to within ±3 dB.
着重说一下这个超低频频响测试的方法:
上面说了几个关键点:1.至少4个MIC风在听音区均衡覆盖;2.4个MIC要能复合出一条整体曲线;3.频谱仪显示精度三分之一倍频,25HZ到120HZ起伏在正负3DB内;
18.png(36.18 K)2020/3/13 16:57:24
关于听音区这个多点均衡测试分析,THX里也有介绍(不是国家国际标准)
Frequency Response Calibration 频率响应校准 Spatial Average 空间平均 With Multiplexer set up 4 microphones around main seat locations 使用麦克风多路混合器在主听音区域设置4个麦克风Set mic capsules at seated ear location 测试麦克风固定在入座后人耳的高度Aim mics towards front speakers 将麦克风指向前置扬声器 Without multiplexer move mics to four locations and average results after determining unity gain 如果没有麦克风多路混合器,请在四个地点分别测试,然后取平均值
Frequency Response Calibration 频率响应校准 Spatial Average 空间平均 With Multiplexer set up 4 microphones around main seat locations 使用麦克风多路混合器在主听音区域设置4个麦克风
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